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Arkady
P. Sinitsyn, Olga A. Sinitsyna, Ivan N. Zorov, Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
Carbohydrases
– 50 years of research at the department of chemical enzymology of Lomonosov Moscow
state university, history and prospects
Abstract
Annotation. The review describes the history of the development
of research on carbohydrases conducted at the Department of Chemical Enzymology
from the mid-1970s to the present. The results concerning the study of the
mechanism and kinetics of the processes of enzymatic conversion of cellulose
and renewable plant raw materials under the action of a multi-enzyme cellulases
complexes; the role of individual components of these complexes – basic
(endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases) and auxiliary enzymes (polysaccharide
monooxygenase, β-glucosidase, xylanase) and their
synergistic interaction. The features of using reactors of various designs for
bioconversion of plant raw materials are described: periodic type, continuous
column type, reactor for hydrolysis in a constant electric field, reactor with
intensive mixing by ferromagnetic particles in magnetic field. The
possibilities of increasing the reactivity of plant raw materials using various
pretreatment methods, as well as the influence of the structural and
physico-chemical properties of cellulose on the efficiency of its enzymatic
conversion are discussed. Data on the creation of highly active strains of
microscopic fungi-producers of cellulases and other carbohydrases using methods
of induced mutagenesis – Trichoderma (Hypocrea), Penicillium (Talaromyces),
Aspergillus, Chrysosporium (Myceliophtora) spp., as well as data on the
composition of the enzyme complexes produced by them and the properties of the
enzymes forming them are presented. It describes the creation of expression
systems based on P. canescens and P. verruculosum and the
production of recombinant producer strains with their help, which made it
possible to obtain enzyme preparations (EP) that ensure high efficiency of
bioconversion processes of plant raw materials, as well as to create producers
of a wide range of carbohydrases for practical use in various fields of
industry and agriculture. A number of industrially important EP obtained using
the P. verruculosum expression system
are currently being produced at the Agroferment LLC plant.
Key words: transcription, CRISPR/CAS9,
cellobiohydrol carbohydrases, cellulases, plant raw materials, cellulose,
pretreatment, strains-producers, genetic engineering, technical enzymes, Trichoderma,
Penicillium
Copyright (C) Chemistry Dept., Moscow State University, 2002
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