Избранные главы химии
(курсы по выбору на английском языке)

Selected chapters of chemistry: modern methods of investigation and analysis

Лектор(ы): А.А. Карякин проф., дхн. А.А. Карякин проф., дхн. Т.В. Магдесиева проф., дхн. М.Г. Чернышева доц. дхн. М.Г. Чернышева доц. дхн. М.Г. Чернышева доц. дхн. М.А. Проскурнин, проф. дхн. М.А. Проскурнин, проф. дхн. М.А. Проскурнин, проф. дхн. М.А. Проскурнин, проф. дхн. М.К. Беклемишев вед.н.сотр., дхн. А.Т. Лебедев проф., дхн.

1.      Biosensors.

Biosensors. Classification of biosensors and their history. Biorecognition modes and samples of biomolecules involved. Transducer types. Enzyme electrodes: three generation of biosensors. Potentiometric biosensors and field effect transistors. Second generation biosenosors: glucose oxidase and personal glucose tests.. Mediator based systems. Commercialization. Third generation biosensors. Biosensors in analysis of real objects.

2.      Bioelectrocatalysis

The discovery of protein electrochemistry. Direct enzyme bioelectrocatalysis and the corresponding electrodes. How to improve the efficiency of enzyme bioelectrocatalysis. Direct bioelectrocatalysis by the intact cells. Structures of respiratory membrane and bacterial cell walls. How to involve intact cells in direct (mediator-free) bioelectrocatalysis. The advantages and disadvantages of bioelectrocatalysis by the enzymes and whole cells.

3.      Modern electrochemical approaches to activation of organic molecules and investigation of the reaction mechanism.

The lectures are aimed at the discussion of the possibilities provided by application of electrochemical techniques for solving a wide range of problems related to reactivity of multifunctional organic, organometallic and coordination compounds; investigation of their reaction mechanism and activation of organic molecules using electrochemical electron transfer.

4.      Main principles of radioactivity measuring.

Main principles of different types of radioactivity determination will be discussed. Types of detectors (gas ionization, solid state nuclear track, semiconductor, scintillation) will be considered. Radioactivity counting statistics will be discussed.

5.      Liquid scintillation analysis: principles and practice.

Basic principles of liquid scintillation counter (Lsc) or analyzer (LSA) will be considered. Quench in liquid scintillation counting and methods of quench correction in liquid scintillation counting will be discussed. Practical applications of α/β discrimination and analysis, and novel applications of liquid scintillation counting will be reviewed.

6.      Radiotracer method in studying biomolecules.

The lecture is devoted to the application of hydrogen isotopes in biochemical and physical chemical studies. Methods of synthesis of labeled compounds will be considered. The main principles of tritium planigraphy and its application will be discussed.

7.      Recent Advances in Analytical Spectroscopy: 1. Vibrational Spectroscopy in Inorganic and Organic Analysis

The lecture is dedicated to the blooming field in modern analytical and physical chemistry, IR and Raman spectroscopy. A brief introduction to the techniques will be given. The major techniques of IR spectroscopy will be described. The applications of IR spectroscopy in analysis of organic substances and rock and mineral materials will be discussed. The lecture also covers the basics of far-IR (teraherz) and near-IR spectroscopy applications and instruments.

8.      Recent advances in Analytical Spectroscopy: 2. Microspectroscopy, the unravelling child of microscopy

The lecture is devoted with the recent advances in spectroscopic techniques in microanalysis. The brief description of microscopy and its development into the combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, microspectroscopy will be provided. The basics and changes of most demanded microspectroscopic techniques: transmission optical spectroscopy, IR microscopic techniques, luminescent microspectroscopy and photothermal spectroscopy with the examples and application will be delivered.

9.      Recent advances in Analytical Spectroscopy: 3. Microanalytical chemistry from microfluidics to nanofluidics

The lecture is dedicated to the recent advances in microanalytical chemistry, namely the branch of microanalysis based on microfluidic application integrated microfluidic chips, lab-on-a chip concept and the applications. Basic principles and advantages of microfluidics in chemical analysis are described; a short history is given. The main principles of microchip fabrication will be briefly provided, the main detection techniques used in microfluidics are considered. Some applications in synthetic chemistry and the basics of organ-on-a-chip concept is summarized.

10.  Recent Advances in Analytical Spectroscopy: 4. State-of-the-art Applications of ICP-MS

The lecture is devoted to the de-facto standard method for many trace elemental analysis problems, state-of-the-art ICP-MS techniques. As not a basic-course lecture, a very short introduction of the technique will be given, and the major topics covered are the applications of various ICP-MS techniques in generic analytical problems, as well as technological, clinical, and forensic problems. Special focus will be paid to laser-ablation techniques, and novel instrumentation and technology introduced recently.

11.  Molecular recognition in chemical analysis (non-biological aspects).

Types of interactions in molecular recognition. Non-covalent binding: molecularly imprinted polymers, host-guest complexes (crown ethers and cryptands for binding metal ions and organic species; calixarenes, cyclodextrins), charge transfer complexes, coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes. Covalent binding (boronic acids). Binding and signaling ( “two-in-one”): fluorescent sensors based on synthetic organic receptors, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and nanoclusters. Applications of molecular recognition: molecular imaging, chiral recognition, molecular imprinting (in solid phase extraction and chromatorgaphy, quartz crystal microbalance, electrochemical sensors).

12.  Fundamental aspects, field of applications and future prospects of mass spectrometry.

Nowadays mass spectrometry is the most sensitive, informative, and reliable tool of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of any type of chemical compounds (from chemical elements to the most complex biopolymers). The method based on the measurement of the accurate mass and concentration of molecules is indispensable for the atomic, chemical, oil industries, for the cosmic studies, biology, medicine, nanotechnology, as well as for the defense capability. The lectures will through light upon the basics of the method, including sample introduction, ionization, separation and detection of the ions. The theory will be accompanied by the examples demonstrating the unique possibilities of mass spectrometry to resolve chemical, biological, medical, ecological tasks, its application in doping-control, forensic sciences, etc.